import sys import matplotlib matplotlib.use("Agg") import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from matplotlib.patches import Circle, Ellipse, FancyArrowPatch, FancyBboxPatch, Rectangle INK = "#0F172A" MUTED = "#64748B" OFFLINE = "#6366F1" OFFLINE_BG = "#EEF2FF" ONLINE = "#0891B2" ONLINE_BG = "#ECFEFF" STORE = "#7C3AED" MODEL = "#DB2777" ACCENT = "#059669" def band(ax, x, y, w, h, face, edge, label, label_color): ax.add_patch( FancyBboxPatch( (x, y), w, h, boxstyle="round,pad=0,rounding_size=2.2", facecolor=face, edgecolor=edge, linewidth=1.6, linestyle=(0, (6, 4)), zorder=1, ) ) ax.text( x + 3, y + h - 2.6, label, fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", color=label_color, va="center", ha="left", zorder=2, ) def box(ax, cx, cy, w, h, title, sub, edge, fill="#FFFFFF", title_size=13): x, y = cx - w / 2.0, cy - h / 2.0 ax.add_patch( FancyBboxPatch( (x + 0.6, y - 0.7), w, h, boxstyle="round,pad=0,rounding_size=1.8", facecolor="#0F172A", edgecolor="none", alpha=0.07, zorder=2, ) ) ax.add_patch( FancyBboxPatch( (x, y), w, h, boxstyle="round,pad=0,rounding_size=1.8", facecolor=fill, edgecolor=edge, linewidth=2.2, zorder=3, ) ) ax.add_patch(Rectangle((x, y), 0.9, h, facecolor=edge, edgecolor="none", zorder=4)) if sub: ax.text(cx, cy + 1.5, title, fontsize=title_size, fontweight="bold", color=INK, ha="center", va="center", zorder=5) ax.text(cx, cy - 2.2, sub, fontsize=9, color=MUTED, ha="center", va="center", zorder=5) else: ax.text(cx, cy, title, fontsize=title_size, fontweight="bold", color=INK, ha="center", va="center", zorder=5) def cylinder(ax, cx, cy, w, h, title, sub, color): ry = 1.6 ax.add_patch( Ellipse((cx, cy - h / 2.0), w, ry * 2, facecolor="#F5F3FF", edgecolor=color, linewidth=2.2, zorder=3) ) ax.add_patch( Rectangle((cx - w / 2.0, cy - h / 2.0), w, h, facecolor="#F5F3FF", edgecolor="none", zorder=3) ) ax.plot([cx - w / 2.0, cx - w / 2.0], [cy - h / 2.0, cy + h / 2.0], color=color, lw=2.2, zorder=4, solid_capstyle="butt") ax.plot([cx + w / 2.0, cx + w / 2.0], [cy - h / 2.0, cy + h / 2.0], color=color, lw=2.2, zorder=4, solid_capstyle="butt") ax.add_patch( Ellipse((cx, cy + h / 2.0), w, ry * 2, facecolor="#EDE9FE", edgecolor=color, linewidth=2.2, zorder=5) ) ax.text(cx, cy - 0.2, title, fontsize=13, fontweight="bold", color=INK, ha="center", va="center", zorder=6) ax.text(cx, cy - 4.0, sub, fontsize=9, color=MUTED, ha="center", va="center", zorder=6) def arrow(ax, p1, p2, color, rad=0.0, dashed=False, lw=2.2): ax.add_patch( FancyArrowPatch( p1, p2, arrowstyle="-|>", mutation_scale=22, connectionstyle="arc3,rad=%s" % rad, linewidth=lw, linestyle=(0, (5, 3)) if dashed else "solid", color=color, shrinkA=0, shrinkB=0, zorder=6, ) ) def badge(ax, x, y, n, color): ax.add_patch(Circle((x, y), 1.7, facecolor=color, edgecolor="#FFFFFF", linewidth=1.6, zorder=8)) ax.text(x, y - 0.05, str(n), fontsize=9.5, fontweight="bold", color="#FFFFFF", ha="center", va="center", zorder=9) def flow_label(ax, x, y, text, color, ha="center", size=9): ax.text(x, y, text, fontsize=size, color=color, ha=ha, va="center", zorder=7, bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.28", facecolor="#FFFFFF", edgecolor="none", alpha=0.9)) def main(out_path): fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 9), dpi=100, facecolor="#FFFFFF") ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1]) ax.set_xlim(0, 120) ax.set_ylim(0, 90) ax.axis("off") ax.text(60, 85.4, "RAG Pipeline Architecture", fontsize=21, fontweight="bold", color=INK, ha="center", va="center") ax.text(60, 81.2, "Retrieval-Augmented Generation · offline indexing + online query flow", fontsize=11, color=MUTED, ha="center", va="center") band(ax, 5, 58, 110, 19, OFFLINE_BG, OFFLINE, "OFFLINE · Document Ingestion & Indexing", OFFLINE) box(ax, 22, 65, 26, 10, "Documents", "PDF / Web / Wiki", OFFLINE) box(ax, 57, 65, 26, 10, "Chunk & Clean", "split · normalize", OFFLINE) box(ax, 95, 65, 30, 10, "Embedding Model", "text → vectors", MODEL) arrow(ax, (35.2, 65), (43.6, 65), OFFLINE, dashed=True) arrow(ax, (70.2, 65), (79.6, 65), OFFLINE, dashed=True) cylinder(ax, 95, 44, 30, 12, "Vector DB", "embeddings + metadata", STORE) arrow(ax, (95, 59.8), (95, 46.2), OFFLINE, dashed=True) flow_label(ax, 97.5, 53, "upsert index", OFFLINE, ha="left") band(ax, 5, 4, 110, 30, ONLINE_BG, ONLINE, "ONLINE · Query Time", ONLINE) box(ax, 22, 24, 26, 9, "User Query", "natural language", ONLINE) box(ax, 57, 24, 26, 9, "Embed & Retrieve", "encode · top-k search", MODEL) box(ax, 95, 24, 30, 9, "Retrieved Context", "top-k relevant chunks", ONLINE) box(ax, 95, 11, 30, 9, "LLM", "generate with context", MODEL) box(ax, 22, 11, 26, 9, "Answer", "grounded response", ACCENT) arrow(ax, (35.2, 24), (43.6, 24), ONLINE) arrow(ax, (70.2, 26.5), (79.4, 41.4), ONLINE, rad=0.25) flow_label(ax, 71.5, 35.5, "query vector", ONLINE, ha="left") arrow(ax, (95, 36.2), (95, 28.9), STORE) flow_label(ax, 92.5, 32.5, "similar chunks", STORE, ha="right") arrow(ax, (95, 19.3), (95, 15.8), ONLINE) flow_label(ax, 92.5, 17.5, "prompt = query + context", ONLINE, ha="right") arrow(ax, (79.6, 11), (35.4, 11), ACCENT) flow_label(ax, 57.5, 12.8, "generated answer, grounded in retrieved evidence", ACCENT) badge(ax, 11.4, 28.4, 1, ONLINE) badge(ax, 46.4, 28.4, 2, MODEL) badge(ax, 81.4, 38.6, 3, STORE) badge(ax, 82.4, 28.4, 4, ONLINE) badge(ax, 82.4, 15.4, 5, MODEL) badge(ax, 11.4, 15.4, 6, ACCENT) ax.text(60, 1.6, "Dashed arrows: offline indexing path Solid arrows: online request path", fontsize=9.5, color=MUTED, ha="center", va="center") fig.savefig(out_path, dpi=100, facecolor=fig.get_facecolor()) plt.close(fig) if __name__ == "__main__": main(sys.argv[1])