import sys import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.patches as patches def draw_hydraulic_piston(out_path): fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 9), dpi=100) fig.patch.set_facecolor("#ffffff") ax.set_facecolor("#ffffff") ax.set_xlim(0, 1200) ax.set_ylim(0, 900) ax.axis("off") # Title & Subtitle ax.text(600, 830, "Hydraulic Cylinder Cross-Section", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=22, fontweight="bold", color="#0f172a") ax.text(600, 795, "Double-Acting Linear Actuator (Extension Stroke)", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=12, color="#64748b") # Centerline ax.plot([100, 1100], [450, 450], color="#dc2626", lw=1.5, ls="-.", zorder=2) # 1. High-Pressure Fluid Chamber (Cap-End / Bore Chamber) # X: 220 to 450, Y: 330 to 570 fluid_in = patches.Rectangle((220, 330), 230, 240, color="#f97316", alpha=0.85, zorder=3) ax.add_patch(fluid_in) ax.text(335, 450, "High-Pressure\nFluid (P1)", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=12, fontweight="bold", color="white", zorder=4) # 2. Low-Pressure Fluid Chamber (Rod-End / Annular Chamber) # X: 520 to 750, Y: 330 to 570 (except rod in center Y: 400 to 500) fluid_out1 = patches.Rectangle((520, 500), 230, 70, color="#38bdf8", alpha=0.85, zorder=3) fluid_out2 = patches.Rectangle((520, 330), 230, 70, color="#38bdf8", alpha=0.85, zorder=3) ax.add_patch(fluid_out1) ax.add_patch(fluid_out2) ax.text(635, 535, "Return Fluid (P2)", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", color="white", zorder=4) # 3. Piston Rod (Chrome Plated Steel) # X: 510 to 1000, Y: 400 to 500 rod = patches.Rectangle((510, 400), 490, 100, color="#cbd5e1", ec="#334155", lw=2, zorder=5) ax.add_patch(rod) # Rod Clevis / Eyelet clevis = patches.FancyBboxPatch((980, 390), 90, 120, boxstyle="round,pad=0.05", color="#94a3b8", ec="#334155", lw=2, zorder=5) ax.add_patch(clevis) ax.add_patch(patches.Circle((1030, 450), 22, color="#ffffff", ec="#334155", lw=2, zorder=6)) ax.add_patch(patches.Circle((1030, 450), 12, color="#cbd5e1", ec="#475569", lw=1.5, zorder=7)) # 4. Piston Head # X: 450 to 520, Y: 330 to 570 piston = patches.Rectangle((450, 330), 70, 240, color="#64748b", ec="#1e293b", lw=2.5, hatch="//", zorder=6) ax.add_patch(piston) # Piston Seals (O-rings) for sx in [462, 492]: ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((sx, 555), 14, 15, color="#0f172a", zorder=7)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((sx, 330), 14, 15, color="#0f172a", zorder=7)) # 5. Cylinder Tube Walls & End Caps # Top wall ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((180, 570), 600, 45, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, hatch="\\", zorder=8)) # Bottom wall ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((180, 285), 600, 45, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, hatch="\\", zorder=8)) # Cap-End Cap (Left) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((130, 285), 90, 330, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2.5, hatch="\\", zorder=8)) ax.add_patch(patches.Circle((150, 450), 16, color="#ffffff", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, zorder=9)) # Rod-End Cap / Gland (Right) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((750, 500), 70, 115, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, hatch="\\", zorder=8)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((750, 285), 70, 115, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, hatch="\\", zorder=8)) # Rod Gland Seals & Wiper ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((770, 500), 12, 14, color="#0f172a", zorder=9)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((795, 500), 10, 10, color="#e11d48", zorder=9)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((770, 386), 12, 14, color="#0f172a", zorder=9)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((795, 390), 10, 10, color="#e11d48", zorder=9)) # 6. Ports & Flow Arrows # Port A (Inlet) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((270, 615), 45, 55, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, zorder=8)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((280, 570), 25, 90, color="#ea580c", zorder=9)) ax.annotate("", xy=(292, 540), xytext=(292, 690), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-|>", color="#ea580c", lw=4, mutation_scale=18), zorder=10) ax.text(292, 715, "Port A (Inlet)", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=12, fontweight="bold", color="#ea580c") # Port B (Outlet) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((650, 615), 45, 55, color="#475569", ec="#1e293b", lw=2, zorder=8)) ax.add_patch(patches.Rectangle((660, 570), 25, 90, color="#0284c7", zorder=9)) ax.annotate("", xy=(672, 690), xytext=(672, 540), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-|>", color="#0284c7", lw=4, mutation_scale=18), zorder=10) ax.text(672, 715, "Port B (Outlet)", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=12, fontweight="bold", color="#0284c7") # Extension Motion Arrow ax.annotate("", xy=(920, 450), xytext=(760, 450), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="-|>", color="#16a34a", lw=5, mutation_scale=22), zorder=11) ax.text(840, 475, "Extension Force F ->", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", color="#15803d") # Callout Labels & Leader Lines # Label styling lbl_style = dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3", fc="#f8fafc", ec="#94a3b8", lw=1) # Cylinder Barrel ax.plot([400, 400], [615, 680], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(400, 615, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(400, 695, "Cylinder Barrel", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", bbox=lbl_style) # Piston ax.plot([485, 485], [330, 230], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(485, 330, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(485, 215, "Piston Head", ha="center", va="top", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", bbox=lbl_style) # Piston Rod ax.plot([860, 860], [500, 630], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(860, 500, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(860, 645, "Piston Rod", ha="center", va="bottom", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", bbox=lbl_style) # Piston Seals ax.plot([500, 540], [570, 640], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(500, 570, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(540, 655, "Piston Seals", ha="left", va="bottom", fontsize=10, bbox=lbl_style) # Rod Gland & Wiper ax.plot([800, 800], [285, 230], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(800, 285, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(800, 215, "Rod Gland & Wiper", ha="center", va="top", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", bbox=lbl_style) # Clevis ax.plot([1030, 1030], [390, 310], color="#475569", lw=1.2, zorder=12) ax.plot(1030, 390, "o", color="#1e293b", ms=4, zorder=12) ax.text(1030, 295, "Rod End Clevis", ha="center", va="top", fontsize=11, fontweight="bold", bbox=lbl_style) # Formula Card at bottom ax.text(600, 110, r"$F = P_1 \cdot A_{\mathrm{bore}} - P_2 \cdot (A_{\mathrm{bore}} - A_{\mathrm{rod}})$", ha="center", va="center", fontsize=14, bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.5", fc="#fff7ed", ec="#fdba74", lw=1.5), zorder=15) plt.subplots_adjust(left=0, right=1, top=1, bottom=0) plt.savefig(out_path, dpi=100, facecolor=fig.get_facecolor(), bbox_inches="tight", pad_inches=0.1) plt.close() if __name__ == "__main__": if len(sys.argv) < 2: print("Usage: python hydraulic-piston.py ") sys.exit(1) draw_hydraulic_piston(sys.argv[1])